Julius Caesar Hero or Villain Essay - 1048 Words

In the determination of whether Julius Caesar was an intelligent, political hero or an egocentric, dictating villain, it is important to look at all of the facts. Born in 100 B.C.E. and assassinated in 44 B.C.E., Julius Caesar was legendary. He along Pompey, and Crassus created the first unofficial Triumvirate which was negotiated to appease both the Roman citizens and the power hungry rivals. Still, this agreement would not last long. After Pompey’s wife, Julia Caesar and daughter of Caesar’s daughter given to Pompey to establish the Trimvirate, dies in childbirth, civil war breaks out as Caesar leads his army against Rome. He fights until Pompey is murdered in Egypt. As Rome is â€Å"shattered,† Julius Caesar one person should rule. He†¦show more content†¦Unfortunately, they did not see how their superior attitudes did not bode well with the people as they were unhappy during the time of the Republic. The people became angry and started rioting upo n learning the fate of Caesar their leader. The â€Å"liberators† were stunned about how the people felt and they were essentially ineffective in their pursuit to â€Å"fix† Rome. Plutarch considers Julius Caesar’s assassination to be justified. He believed the group felt they had to keep their plans in secret with a select few which they could trust to further their cause. Despite the fact that there prophesies and warnings alerting Caesar to his eminent Demise, the assassins continued their plan feeling that they would be deemed as â€Å"noble leaders of the commonwealth† when they had done this great deed. Because of Caesars hand in the murder of Pompey, it was believed to be a â€Å"divine appointment† to hold a senate meeting where there statue of Pompey stood for whom they also sought vengeance. Therefore at the start of the meeting, Plutarch states that when Cassuis turned and faced Pompey’s statues, this when Caesar walked in the room and the men struck him, making it look like it was providence. At the end, Brutus was prepared to make a speech but there was nothing but chaos. The elitist group had come to the agreement to only kill Caesar but when they sought Antony as a threat, Marcus felt enough had been done â€Å"restore Rome and saved Antony’s life,† illustratesShow MoreRelatedExamining Whether or not Brutus is a Hero or Villain in Shakespeares Play Julius Caesar1003 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"You either die a hero or live long enough to see yourself become the villain.† Harvey Dent, The Dark Knight. This quote can be assimilates to Brutus in Shakespeare’s play, Julius Caesar. In a way he died as a hero but he did live long enough and saw himself becoming the villain. Throughout the play, Brutus had been consumed in a lot of drama and deaths. The readers can tell the internal arguments he has with himself about it too. In William Shakespeare’s play, Julius Caesar, there are many tragicRead MoreConventions of a Shakespeare Tragedy1189 Words   |  5 PagesEvery Shakespeare tragedy follows the same conventions. Some of the conventions are tragic hero with a tragic flaw, anti-hero, tragic fall, fate, and supernatural. A convention is something in Shakespeare that has a certain effect. The tragic hero always has a tragic flaw. A tragic hero cannot be a hero unless he has a tragic flaw. The tragic flaw brings the downfall of the hero. Othello is the tragic hero, because Othello is a character of nobility. He is good at the beginning but at the end heRead More Julius Caesar - Tragic Hero Essay1028 Words   |  5 Pages Julius Caesar as a Tragic Hero amp;#9;Julius Caesar is a play written by William Shakespeare during the year 1597. Julius Caesar’s story involves a conspiracy against Julius Caesar, a powerful senator. The play involves a highly respected senator, Brutus, who decides to join the conspiracy to kill Julius Caesar, in the effort to keep democracy intact. Brutus believes that if Julius Caesar is allowed to live, Caesar will take a kingship and turn the government into a monarchy. Brutus, CassiusRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Julius Caesar1082 Words   |  5 Pages â€Å"Et tu, Brutà ©? Then fall Caesar† (III.i 179). The fatal stabs of the conspirators did not kill the all-mighty Julius Caesar, for the sharp butcher of Brutus pierced his heart and condemned his life to cessation. This dramatic, mood changing affair serves as the pivotal platform in William Shakespeare’s, Julius Caesar. It is a compelling novel that recounts the unjust murder of Julius Caesar, an ancient Roman general. Oblivious to this conspicuous foreshadowing, Caesar fails to distinguish his trueRead MoreHow to Identify Villains and Heros Essay704 Words   |  3 PagesIn a play, there are always hero es and villains. Sometimes, one can not always tell who are the heroes and villains. William Shakespeare, in his play, Julius Caesar, shows the difference of heroes and villains using the senators of Rome to show the difference between heroes and villains. The hardest character to determine was the hero Brutus, by analyzing his loyalty, background, and his intentions, one can determine that Brutus was a hero to Rome. Brutus’ loyalty helps shape whether his causeRead MoreIs Brutus A Hero Or Villain746 Words   |  3 Pages Is Brutus a hero or a villain in the play of Julius Caesar by William Shakespeare? in my eyes, Brutus is not a villain in this play, but in the eyes of a civilian he could be considered as a villain. Also i think that Brutus is an honorable man because even though he killed his best friend he did it for the good of Rome and because he’d rather let one person get killed than the country he loves and is devoted to get destroyed. Brutus was certainly not a villain. He had a splendid reputationRead MoreBrutus Was Recognized as Hero in Shakespeares Julius Caesar Essay1018 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"A hero is an ordinary individual who finds the strength to preserver and endure in spite of overwhelming obstacles† (Christopher Reeve). Julius Caesar is a tragedy about a ruler that is murdered by a group of angry conspirators that go into a civil war against Caesar’s right hand man. By portraying the qualities of honorable Brutus, William Shakespeare, in his tragedy Julius Caesar, proves that anyone with good intentions, nobility, and the ability to recognize flaws can be a true hero. PeopleRead MoreTragic Hero In Julius Caesar829 Words   |  4 Pages What is a tragic hero? A tragic hero is a person, of noble birth, with heroic potential but doomed by fate. The hero struggles against his fate but eventually fails because of a mistake or even a flaw. In Shakespeare’s play, The Tragedy of Julius Caesar, a character may come to mind and fit this definition, Marcus Brutus. In this play, Julius Caesar’s ambition for power drove the honorable Brutus to think negatively about Caesar’s position of being the king of Rome. The honorable Brutus shows hisRead MoreShakespeare’s Julius Caesar Vs. Plutarch’s Julius Caesar1549 Words   |  7 Pageslike a colossusï ¿ ½(Julius Caesar 1.2.142-43). These words were spoken by Cassius, a character in Shakespeares play Julius Caesar. He is speaking about Julius Caesar and Caesars arrogance and overconfidence. This quote also shows how Shakespeare perceived Julius Caesar as a prominent and influential man of his time. However, this view is not shared by all of the biographers that chose to write about Julius Caesar. In fact a famous ancient writer named Plutarch depicted Julius Caesar as a power-hungryRead MoreJulius Caesar the True Tragic Hero1526 Words   |  7 PagesAristotle once said â€Å"A man doesn’t become a hero until he can see the root of his own downfall.† These words best describe what a â€Å"Tragic Hero† is and both Julius Caesar and Brutus displayed this characteristic, so the question is â€Å"Who is the real tragic hero in this story?† This paper shall explore the reasons behind why each man is considered a hero in his own right and who the rightful owner to the title of the play truly belongs to. There have been countless tragic heroes in the works of

Do We Need Private Prisons Essay - 1337 Words

Do we really need private prisons? Prison overcrowding is one of the most burdensome problems plaguing our criminal justice system, but privatization is not the answer. The federal prison population increased by almost 800 percent between 1980 and 2013. (Pelaez, 2016).This is a much faster rate than the most state prisons could accommodate in their own facilities. In an effort to manage the rising prison population, many states began contracting with privately operated correctional institutions to house inmates. There are patterns of abuse, especially against the mentally ill in prisons operated by for-profit companies such as the Corrections Corporations of America also known as CCA. Many of these for profit corporations have been accused of providing abysmal care to prisoners. Corporate officials often have conflicting motivations to run these prisons and sacrifice the quality of care in their organizations in order to make a profit. A majority of the problems arising in private prisons is due in part to lack of government oversight and insufficient accountability. In addition to inadequate accountability, for-profit prisons hope to generate the greatest possible profit, and do this by any means necessary. Some will argue that the savings to the taxpayer is worth it, however the current data available clearly says otherwise. Private prisons face fierce criticism on how they deal with inmate’s health care. According to a nurse within one of these facilities, â€Å"privateShow MoreRelatedPrivatization Of A Capitalist Society1699 Words   |  7 PagesA criminal is easier to deal with when they’re found dead. A living criminal must be tried in court of their peers, provided legal representation, and then must have whatever prison time they receive - if any - paid for by the Government. Meanwhile a dead criminal just needs to be acknowledged then buried. 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Just like everything else in America there has to be a debate about it. There are those that are for the privatization of prisons and those that are against it. James A. Fagin introduced this topic in his text book CJ2013; he discussed the major selling point of private prisons, and the problems that states areRead MoreA Research Firm Regarding For Profit Essay1703 Words   |  7 Pagesyou of the findings of my research firm regarding for-profit, also known as private, prisons. I personally hold a Ph.D. in Sociology and am the CEO of the research firm that is providing this information. I hope that this letter helps you to decide to cut down on the number of privately owned prisons in the United States. Introduction: With such a large population in our country, it is no surprise that we have many prisons here in the United States; large numbers of crimes are committed every dayRead MoreThe Civil War On Drugs1310 Words   |  6 PagesThe prison system in the United States is broken. There are many reasons why it is broken, but the main source of the problem is from the privatization of prisons. The United States has a capitalistic economy, which means our society driven by acquiring capital. Every person’s goal is to make money and live the â€Å"American Dream†, including big corporations. Since privatizing markets like healthcare, television, and banking worked for their favor, companies realized that prisons could produce largeRead MoreStakeholder Analysis Essay1335 Words   |  6 PagesPRIVATE PRISON CORPORATION OF AMERICA Nowadays, we are facing a major experiment in privatization. For example, private companies have entered the business of managing public schools, or religious schools. Also, they even run in prison industry. Among them is Private Prison Corporation of America, which is growing fast in prison industry in the United States. Especially, immigration detention business has brought up massive profit for Private Prison of America. Therefore, corporation is planningRead MoreUnited State Prisons : Need Of A Complete Overhaul Essay1696 Words   |  7 PagesUnited State prisons are in need of a complete overhaul. Bad things happen to good people and crime is unacceptable in a civilized society. The question I ask you is what do we do with the bad people that do bad things to good people. Do we as a society send them away to be rehabilitated and reintegrated back into society as a good person or do we send them away to be punished and hope that if they ever return to a society that they ar e good people? The Department of Justice breaks crime reductionsRead MoreThe War On Drugs And The United States871 Words   |  4 Pagesthe uprising of corporate prisons, which are known as for-profit prisons, and private prisons. Private prisons have also lead to States, and federal prisons to become worse when it comes to programs to rehabilitate those who are incarcerated, so that they can function in society as a productive member of it. The conflict between private prisons, and States/federal prisons has worsened prison conditions for both men, and women who are incarcerated. The worsening prison conditions in the UnitedRead MorePrison Overcrowding And Its Effects On The United States Essay1605 Words   |  7 PagesPer Derek Gilna’s report on Increase in Federal Prison Population, Overcrowding, prisons have become overpopulated throughout a five-year span from 2006 to 2011 (Gilna, page 48). Prison overcrowding has become a plague in the United States for some time now. The US Bureau of Justice Statistics shows more than two-million adults are incarcerated in US federal and state prisons. There are many reasons that prisons are becoming overpopulated but not such a certain cause. To fix the problem, attentionRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of Modern Prisons1261 Words   |  6 Pageswithin the populous and commit crimes, without getting caught or getting severe punishments. Now, with the idea and creation of prisons, the ability to lawfully punish criminals exists. The innocent are now safe. But is modern prison truly beneficial? London, the capital of England and the United Kingdom, is known as the birthplace of modern imprisonment (â€Å"History of Prisons†). Jeremy Bentham, a philosopher that was highly against the idea of the death penalty, created a concept for a penitentiary that

How do the brain and eyes jointly process information Free Essays

Introduction The intricacies of the human eye enable us to interpret light and distinguish colour to produce vision. It is, however, the complexity of the processing in the visual pathway from eye to brain along which this information is interpreted and manifested that allows us to create a representation of the surrounding world, otherwise known as visual perception (Gibson, 1950). Whilst vision begins with the eye and ends with the brain, the way these organs work together and the relative influence each has on our perception is fundamental to producing what we see. We will write a custom essay sample on How do the brain and eyes jointly process information? or any similar topic only for you Order Now Light is first refracted onto the cornea of the eye before passing to the pupil and lens. An image is then projected onto the retina, resulting in the production of ganglion cells specialised to describe depth, colour, shape, motion, and light intensity (Nelson, 2007). Nerve spikes from the ganglion cells containing this information transmit to the brain’s optic nerve, by which visual information is passed for interpretation in the visual cortex. The right and left visual cortices comprise part of the occipital lobe of the brain, both receiving information from the opposite hemisphere’s visual field. The estimated 140 million neurons in the primary visual cortex (V1) (Lueba Kraftsik, 1994) fire when visual stimuli appear within their receptive field, and these fields are tuned to receive stimuli of specific orientations and colours (Kandal et al., 2000). The receptive fields of neurons in more complex visual processing areas are able to detect more intricate stimuli such as faces (Kanwisher, McDermott Chun, 1997) or direction (Allman et al. 1984). The five identified visual areas (V1-V5) are interconnected with varying strengths, allowing information to be projected forward from one to another and feedback to be given. As the visual information passes through this hierarchy, it is proposed that is processed by two pathways of neural representation. These pathways, named the dorsal and ventral streams, are hypothesise d to deal with spatial attention and the recognition and perception of visual stimuli respectively, and involve the passing of visual information and representation further into the brain integrating it with awareness, attention, and memory functions (Ungerleider Mishkin, 1982). The process of visual perception, as the eye’s sensory input is interpreted throughout the brain enables us to perceive and construct our own visual world. Gibson (1966) proposed a direct theory of perception, affording the richness of the sensory input with the construction of the perceived visual outcome. He claimed that a variety of environmental cues, or affordances, aid the interpretation of the visual scene. These include brightness, texture gradient, relative size, and superimposition (where one object blocks another). Gibson believed that when combined with invariants (constancies within the environment ie. parallel lines appearing to converge toward a horizon) and optic flow (the pattern of light movement within a visual scene) this was enough to enable the perceiver to orient themselves and the surrounding environment. There are, however, complexities to Gibson’s bottom-up theory of visual processing. It may be overly simplistic to underestimate the role of a top-down influence from the brain. Gibson’s theory does not account for times when the visual system is fooled, or becomes subject to an illusion. Rubin’s Vase (Rubin, 1915) is a classic example of how the human visual system is subject to ambiguity, where one single visual stimulus can be perceived as two distinct images. If the visual system directly processes light into an image, it would follow that a single visual input would lead to a universal and singular output. However, the existence of ambiguity in the perception of a visual stimulus suggests there may be times when the brain cannot decide as to what representation to assign to the visual input. Further questions are raised when looking at the influence of context, and how this can lead us to misinterpret visual stimuli. The Ebbinghaus Illusion, demonstrates perceptual distortion, highlighting the role of contextual cues, where a circle surrounded by large circles is judged as smaller than the same circle surrounded by small circles (Obonai, 1954). This is suggestive of a higher-level process in which the brain applies context relevant logic to the interpretation of a visual stimuli. Additionally, experience provides strong influence over the processing of visual information. ‘Impossible illusions‘ such as Escher’s Waterfall, and the Hollow Face Illusion (Gregory, 1997) exploit concepts of experiential perceptual learning, such as knowledge that adjacent edges must join, and human faces are always convex. These illusions demonstrate how the brain aims to perceive coherence in 3D objects to make sense out of its visual environment, creating a captivating paradox between what we know and what we are actually seeing. Visual perception can be ambiguous, distorted, paradoxical, and even fictitious (Gregory, 1980). It appears to be influenced by context, experience, and expectation, a concept asserted by Richard Gregory (1970) who theorised perception as a top-down process. Deduced from observations of when the human visual system makes errors, Gregory proposed that the brain constructs a visual hypothesis from information processed by the eye based on former experience and knowledge. If the top-down, constructivist theory holds true, there are implications for the constancy of percepts between individuals. We all have idiosynchratic knowledge and experience. Do differences in internal representation lead individuals to perceive visual stimuli differently from each otherAdditionally, what is to be said for the perception of those that have no knowledge or experienceDoherty et al. (2010) observed an absence of suceptibility to the Ebbinghaus illusion in a number of children under seven years of age, perhaps suggestive that experience and knowledge does have an influence on visual information processing. Without the knowledge base, the children were not affected by the contextual cues. MacLeod (2007) proposes that top-down theories are based on times when visual conditions are poor, and bottom-up theories are founded in ideal viewing conditions; neither of which is an all encompassing explanation of perception. Recent research highlights the interaction of both constructivist and direct processes (MacLeod, 2007), with the proposal that when bottom-up, sensory information is abundant there is less input from contextual hypotheses, and when there is an absence of stimulus information, the brain draws on its prior knowledge and experience to comprehend the input (Ramachandran, 1994). It becomes apparent that the study of human perception and how it is influenced by not only the anatomical structure of the visual pathway, but also psychological components such as experience and knowledge will enable us to further understand how the eyes and the brain interact to process visual information. References: Allman, J., Miezin, F., McGuinness, E. (1985) ‘Direction- and velocity-specific responses from beyond the classical receptive field in the middle temporal visual area (MT)† Perception, 14(2), pp. 105 – 126. Doherty, M., Campbell, N., Hiromi, T., and Phillips, W. (2010) ‘The Ebbinghaus illusion deceives adults but not young children’, Developmental Science, 13(5), pp. 714-721. Gibson, J. (1950). The perception of the visual world. Oxford: Houghton Mifflin. Gibson, J. (1966). The senses considered as perceptual systems. Oxford: Houghton Mifflin. Gregory, R. (1970). The Intelligent Eye. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson. Gregory RL. (1980) ‘Perceptions as hypotheses’. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, vol. 290(B), pp. 181-197. Gregory, R. (1997) ‘Knowledge in perception and illusion’, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B, vol. 352, pp. 1121–1128. Kandal, E., Schwartz,J., and Jessell, T. (2000). Principles of Neural Science. 4th Ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, Health Professions Division. Kanwisher, N., McDermott, J., and Chun, M. (1997) ‘The fusiform face area: a module in human extrastriate cortex specialized for face perception’, Journal of Neuroscience, 17, pp. 4302-4311. Leuba, G., and Kraftsik, R. (1994) ‘Changes in volume, surface estimate, three-dimensional shape and total number of neurons of the human primary visual cortex from midgestation until old age’, Anatomy of Embryology, 190, pp.351-366. McLeod, S. (2007). Simply Psychology. [online] Available at: [Accessed 22 February 2012]. Nelson, R. (2007) Visual responses of ganglion cells. In: H. Kolb, E. Fernandez, and R. Nelson (eds.), The Organisation of the Retina and Visual System. Salt Lake City (UT): University of Utah Health Sciences Centre. Obonai, T., (1954) ‘Induction effects in estimates of extent’, Journal of Experimental Psychology, 47, pp. 57-60. Ramachandran, V. (1994). In: R. Gregory, and J. Harris, (eds.) The Artful Eye. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 249–267. Rubin, E. (1915). Synsoplevede Figurer: Studier i psykologisk Analyse. Forste Del’ [Visually experienced figures: Studies in psychological analysis. Part one]. Copenhagen and Christiania: Gyldendalske Boghandel, Nordisk Forlag. Ungerleider, L., and Mishkin, M. (1982). Two cortical visual systems. In: D. Ingle, M. Goodale, and R. Mansfield, (eds). Analysis of Visual Behavior. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. pp. 549–586. How to cite How do the brain and eyes jointly process information?, Essay examples

Human Resources Management for the Events Sector

Questions: Task 1 a) Discuss the reasons, justifying why an event, such as Glastonbury Festival would seek to recruit volunteers as a major component of their workforce. b) Analyse the benefits and limitations associated with employment of volunteers at Glastonbury Festival. Task 2 a) Assess the reasons which would lead to lack of motivation amongst volunteers at Glastonbury Festival. b) Propose strategies, which should be used by HR Managers in order to increase motivation of volunteering staff. Answer: Introduction: Human resource management is normally concerned with forecasting and planning the requirement for human labor. Human resource management also structure, organize tasks and allocate them to several departments. Furthermore, HR management also communicates with different channels and departments in order to maintain proper communication between the organizations. To be more specific, HR management engages in the operational function of selecting and hiring employees. HR department is also responsible for providing training and development, compensation and appraisal in order to motivate employees towards their responsibilities. In this assignment, the prime focus will be on Glastonbury Festival Workforce Management. Glastonbury festival is a five-day festival of contemporary arts that takes place in Somerset (Digital 2016). This festival is regarded as one of the most popular festival in this area. Therefore, many people across the globe come to Somerset to visit this festival. The festival utilizes many volunteers as a prime component of the workforce. Since, volunteer workforce is often gives their best effort in order to perform their responsibilities in an appropriate manner. However, large size of volunteer workforce also has several drawbacks. Therefore, the assignment will conduct in-depth analysis regarding the advantages and benefits of volunteer workforce in the event management sector. Task 1: a) The prime reasons that induces Glastonbury festival to recruit volunteers as a major component of workforce: Every successful festival requires a strong foundation of HR management. Since, it includes recruitment, workforce planning, retention, development that has significant contribution on the successful completion of any event (Aisbett and Hoye 2015). However, unlike other industries, roles and responsibilities are different for the employees working in event industry. Specifically in the festivals like Glastonbury that takes place only five days a year, it becomes very tough for the human resource management to employ paid labour for this limited time period. Furthermore, several factors induce Glastonbury festival to utilize volunteer as the major component of workforce. The factors are as follows: Limited time: Glastonbury festival is the biggest music festival in UK. As a result, people from all across the world come to Somerset for attending Glastonbury festival. Therefore, it requires huge amount of people in order to manage the visitors. Thus, HR management team of the festival has to recruit many people in a short period of time (WAkElIN 2013). Furthermore, paid employees often do not consider for this short period of recruitment. As a result, HR management include volunteer in order to fulfil the human requirements for conducting the festival successfully. Increase satisfaction level of the visitors: Volunteer workforces are often found more enthusiastic regarding their roles and responsibilities. Specifically, huge festivals like Glastonbury require full commitment from the employees so that the visitors can able to enjoy successfully. As a result, volunteers often able to fulfil requirements that eventually increase the satisfaction level of the visitors. Effective maintenance of several roles and responsibilities: Including volunteers in the workforce allows managing several roles and responsibilities of the festival even more effectively. Since, it allows HR management to divide the entire jobs in a much more effective way (Gntert, Neufeind and Wehner 2015). Furthermore, volunteers often give addition efforts in order to ensure the success of the festival. In addition, volunteers can be provided with any given task, which eventually reduces the possibility of any issue arising in managing the festival in at appropriate manner. Reduce cost: Cost is probably the most important factor that induces HR team of Glastonbury festival to include volunteer as the major component of workforce. Since, many people show their interest to work as a volunteer in order to gain experience in the event management industry (Hallmann and Harms 2012). Furthermore, it also reduces the recruitment cost of the HR team of Glastonbury festival. As a result, it allows human resource management team to fulfil all the requirements of employees without increasing the cost of conducting the festival. b) Benefits and limitations associated with employment of volunteers at Glastonbury Festival: Benefits: Including volunteers in the workforce helps human resource management team to identify the best performers that can later be considered for permanent recruitment. Since, volunteers also have to perform similar responsibilities like any other paid employees (Rodell 2013). It also gave volunteers the experience and exposures on how to handle critical and complex responsibilities of the festival. It allows human resource team of Glastonbury festival to get in touch with many people. As a result, HR team have to spend lesser time at the time of identifying and recruiting any people for a particular task. This helps to reduce cost of recruiting people. It also help HR team to develop empathy, awareness, coaching, patience, teamwork and communication among the different department of the employees. Therefore, it helps to enhance the operational process of the HR management team of Glastonbury festival. Limitations: Human resource management team have lesser control over the activities of the volunteers. Therefore, many volunteers often take unscheduled leaves that affect the overall effectiveness of the operational process (Raj, Walters and Rashid 2013). Furthermore, many volunteers often leave jobs without any previous notice. As a result, HR team of Glastonbury festival have to face huge amount of difficulties in managing the roles and responsibilities in an appropriate manner. Most of the volunteers do not have any previous experience in managing critical responsibilities of any events (Veleva et al. 2012). As a result, they do not possess any specific skills that can allow HR team to give any critical or major responsibilities. Furthermore, HR team also have to spend money to train the volunteers so that they can able to perform the responsibilities in an appropriate manner. It is also found that many volunteers struggle to keep up their level of motivation in the middle of the festival. Since, volunteers work without any financial or other benefits; it is very difficult for them to keep themselves motivated towards their work (Asah, Lenentine and Blahna 2014). As a result, it becomes very challenging for the human resource management to implement innovative strategies that can able to keep the volunteers motivated towards their responsibilities. Task 2: a) Factors lead to lack of motivation amongst volunteers at Glastonbury Festival: Lack of financial benefits: Most of the event management companies hire volunteers, as they offer free services to the organization. In fact, many organizations do not provide other benefits for the benefit of the volunteers. According to Maslow theory of motivation, organizations have to fulfill five different types if need including psychological, safety, love, esteem and self-actualization needs in order to motivate employees to give their best at the workplace (Getz and Page 2016). However, volunteers are not a permanent part of the workforce but still they have to perform responsibilities like any other employees working at Glastonbury festival. Therefore, HR management have to provide several other benefits in order to maintain the motivational level of the employees. However, like any other event, human resource management of Glastonbury festival does not provide too much importance on fulfilling the needs of the volunteers. Long hours of working: During Glastonbury festival, volunteers also have to work for similar hours like any other paid employees. In fact, many time volunteers have to perform extreme stressful work so that the festival can conducted effectively. As per the article by Love, Sherman and Olding (2012) long hours of working play a crucial role in increasing the stress level of the employees. Thus, increasing level of stress creates huge amount of negative impact on the motivational level of the volunteers. Furthermore, volunteers working at Glastonbury festival do not get the enough amount breaks within the working hours. It also reduces the satisfaction level of the volunteers that eventually affects the motivational level of the volunteers. No career growth: All the volunteers work on a part time basis at Glastonbury festival. Therefore, they do not get any career growth opportunity even after providing high quality work at the festival. In fact, many volunteers feel unsafe regarding the future condition of the professional life (Gerritsen and van Olderen 2014). However, it is important for the management team of Glastonbury festival to measure the performance level of the volunteers. Since, it not only will help human resource management of Glastonbury festival to identify the best skilled volunteer but also will induce them to give their best at the workplace. However, human resource management of Glastonbury festival does not provide too much importance on the identifying the talent from the group of the volunteers. Therefore, most of the volunteers could not able to motivate themselves to give their best at the workplace. Lack of recognition: According to Waikayi et al. (2012), recognition plays a crucial role in increasing the motivational level of the employees to give their best at the work place. As mentions in the Maslows theory of motivation, organizations have to provide an atmosphere where employees can fulfill their love and belonging needs. However, like any other event management organizations, human resource management team of Glastonbury festival does not give too much importance on providing proper recognition to the volunteers. As a result, majority of the volunteers are not able to motivate themselves to give their 100% at the workplace. In the absence of proper recognition, volunteers often could not able to set goals. It also affects the motivational level of the employees. b) Propose strategies for increasing the motivational level of volunteering staff: Proper measurement of the performances: As per the article by Brigade and Collective (2014) performance measurement is crucial for maintaining proper atmosphere at the workplace. Since, it encourages employees to give their best at the workplace. Proper measurement of the performance of the employees leads to fair performance appraisal and increment for the employees. This rule is also applicable for the volunteers as well. Since, majority of the volunteers participate in the Glastonbury festival not only to gain experience of working in the management industry but also to develop bright professional career. Therefore, if HR management of Glastonbury festival measure performances of every volunteers, they could easily identify the best performers. As a result, HR management can easily provide proper benefit or even hire best performers for the future commitments. Therefore, it will definitely induce volunteers to give their best possible effort for the success of the festival. Providing knowledge about the future benefits: Many people casually join as volunteer at Glastonbury festival without understanding the kind of benefits it can provide for future career development. Therefore, human resource management of Glastonbury festival have to share in-depth information about the growth of event management industry and the kind of career an individual can develop by working in the event sector (Henning and Jones 2013). This information will enrich the knowledge and will make them more serious towards their roles and responsibilities. In fact, it will induce volunteers to set future goals, which eventually will create positive impact on the motivational level. Special allowances: Human resource management team of Glastonbury festival can also focus on providing special allowances to the volunteers so that they remain motivated towards their responsibilities. HR management team can utilize several tools and techniques for providing special allowances to the volunteers (Kodama, Doherty and Popovic 2013). For instance, HR management team can announce that the best performer will be rewarded at the end of the festival. Furthermore, HR team can also set particular goals for each of the volunteers for becoming eligible for the allowances. In addition, HR team can also provide special tickets of the festival for the family members of each of the volunteers. This will definitely enhance the motivational level of the volunteers. Conclusion: In present competitive business environment, organizations from different industry implement several unique strategies so that they can remain competitive in the market. Event sector is also not an exception. Therefore, like any other organization, prime objective of the HR team is to reduce the cost of conducting Glastonbury festival. This induces human resource management team to utilize volunteers for the successful completion of different roles and responsibilities of the festival. From the above analysis, it can be assess that utilizing volunteers provide several benefits for the organization. However, it also has some drawbacks as well. Therefore, it is up to the capability of the human resource management team to utilize volunteers in such a way so that it can able to benefit the Glastonbury festival. References: Aisbett, L. and Hoye, R., 2015. 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